Code
DIGAD
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
DIGAD
Growth form
grass
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Asprella digitata Lam. |
| synonym | Digitaria abortiva Reeder |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens subsp. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens subsp. marginata (Link) Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens subsp. nubica (Stapf) Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens var. adscendens |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens var. criniformis Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens var. fimbriata (Link) Cufod., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens var. pes-avis (Buse) Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria adscendens var. sericea (Honda) Henrard |
| synonym | Digitaria biformis var. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) Beetle |
| synonym | Digitaria brevifolia Link |
| synonym | Digitaria chinensis Hornem. |
| synonym | Digitaria chrysoblephara Fig. & De Not. |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris f. albovariegata T.Oishi, no Latin descr. |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris subsp. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) R.B.Majumdar |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris subsp. marginata (Link) S.K.Jain & Doli Das |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris subsp. nubica (Stapf) S.K.Jain & Doli Das |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) R.R.Stewart |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. ciliaris |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. criniformis (Henrard) R.B.Majumdar |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. fimbriata (Link) S.K.Jain & Doli Das |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. nubica (Stapf) S.T.Blake |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. pes-avis (Buse) S.K.Jain & Doli Das |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. pes-avis (Büse) S.K.Jain & Doli Das |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliaris var. sericea (Honda) S.K.Jain & Doli Das |
| synonym | Digitaria ciliata Lag. |
| synonym | Digitaria fimbriata Link |
| synonym | Digitaria inaequale (Link) Spreng. |
| synonym | Digitaria inaequalis (Link) Spreng. |
| synonym | Digitaria marginata Link |
| synonym | Digitaria marginata var. ciliaris (Retz.) Ridl. |
| synonym | Digitaria marginata var. fimbriata (Link) Stapf |
| synonym | Digitaria marginata var. linkii Stapf, nom. inval. |
| synonym | Digitaria marginata var. nubica Stapf |
| synonym | Digitaria pes-avis Buse |
| synonym | Digitaria sanguinalis f. ciliaris (Retz.) Haines |
| synonym | Digitaria sanguinalis subsp. ciliaris (Retz.) Parl. |
| synonym | Digitaria sanguinalis var. ciliaris (Retz.) Parl. |
| synonym | Digitaria sanguinalis var. fimbriata (Link) Merr. |
| synonym | Digitaria sanguinalis var. marginata (Link) Fernald |
| synonym | Digitaria sericea (Honda) Ohwi |
| synonym | Digitaria tarapacana Phil. |
| synonym | Leersia digitata (Lam.) Poir. |
| synonym | Milium ciliare (Retz.) Moench |
| synonym | Milium ciliatum Moench [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Milium ciliatum Moench, nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Panicum adscendens Kunth |
| synonym | Panicum brachyphyllum Steud. |
| synonym | Panicum brevifolium (Link) Kunth [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Panicum brevifolium (Link) Kunth, nom. illeg. |
| synonym | Panicum ciliare Retz. |
| synonym | Panicum fimbriatum (Link) Kunth |
| synonym | Panicum inaequale (Link) E.Fourn. [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Panicum inaequale (Link) E.Fourn., nom. illeg. |
| synonym | Panicum linkianum Kunth |
| synonym | Panicum linkianum var. minus E.Fourn. |
| synonym | Panicum marginellum Schrad. [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Panicum marginellum Schrad., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Panicum ornithopus Trin. |
| synonym | Panicum pes-avis (Buse) Koord. |
| synonym | Panicum sanguinale subsp. longiglume (Trin. ex Nees) Chiov. |
| synonym | Panicum sanguinale subsp. marginatum (Link) Thell. |
| synonym | Panicum sanguinale var. ciliare (Retz.) St.-Amans |
| synonym | Panicum sanguinale var. fimbriatum (Link) A.Usteri |
| synonym | Panicum sanguinale var. longiglume Trin. ex Nees |
| synonym | Panicum villiferum Nees |
| synonym | Paspalum ciliare (Retz.) DC. |
| synonym | Paspalum inaequale Link |
| synonym | Paspalum sanguinale var. ciliare (Retz.) Hook.f. |
| synonym | Sanguinaria ciliaris (Retz.) Bubani |
| synonym | Spartina pubera Hassk. [Invalid] |
| synonym | Spartina pubera Hassk., nom. nud. |
| synonym | Syntherisma ciliare (Retz.) Schrad. |
| synonym | Syntherisma ciliaris (Retz.) Schrad. |
| synonym | Syntherisma fimbriata (Link) Nash |
| synonym | Syntherisma marginata (Link) Nash |
| synonym | Syntherisma sanguinale var. ciliare (Retz.) Honda |
| synonym | Syntherisma sanguinalis subsp. ciliaris (Retz.) Masamura & Yanagih. |
| synonym | Syntherisma sanguinalis var. ciliaris (Retz.) Honda |
| synonym | Syntherisma sericea Honda |
🗒 Common Names
| Anglais / English |
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| Créole Réunion |
|
| Hindi |
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| Malgache |
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| Urdu |
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📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Digitaria ciliaris is a grass, growing in patches. At first the stem are prostrate and roots at the nodes, then they are straightened and can measure up to 70 cm high. The stems are hairless. The leaves have a flat and narrow leaf blade whose edge is finely corrugated and hangs a little. The ligule is membranous. The inflorescence is composed of 2 to 11 slender spikes, 6 to 11 cm long, which rise obliquely from the end of the stem.
First leaves
The first leaves are alternate with rolled prefoliation. Lamina is oval and pubescent, 2.5 to 3.5 mm long and 1.0 to 1.5 mm wide. Ligule membranous.
General habit
Grass prostrate or in tuft, 30 to70 cm high, stems erect to decumbent.
Underground system
The roots are fibrous. Presence of adventitious roots from the lower nodes of the plant.
Culm
The culm of the grass is compressed, glabrous and geniculate, more or less branched, slightly hairy nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate, often pigmented in purple, with slightly compressed sheath, glabrous or hispid, with a keel. Membranous ligule, 0.5 to 2 mm high. Blade is linear to lanceolate, 4 to 20 cm long and 3 to 10 mm wide. Scabrous margin, slightly undulating in the lower one third. Surface is glabrous, sometimes pubescent at the base.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is digitate in 2 to 11 filiform racemes, 6 to 15 cm long. They are arranged in 1 to 3 whorls. Rachis glabrous, winged and in triangular section.
Spikelet
The spikelets are grouped in pairs. The first, is sterile, shortly pedicellate (0.5 mm), the second, even more fertile 2 mm). They are elliptical to lanceolate, 2.6 to 4 mm long and 0.7 to 0.8 mm wide, the acute tip, covered with silky hair. Lower glume reduced, upper glume representing 1/2 to 4/5 of the length of the spikelet. Lemma ciliated with 7 ribs, Palea missing for sterile spikelet. Lemma and palea of the same texture, ciliated with 2 veins, 3 mm long for the fertile spikelet.
Grain
The seed is oblong, 2.5 to 3.3 mm long, included in the lemma and palea of external flower.
Digitaria ciliaris is a grass, growing in patches. At first the stem are prostrate and roots at the nodes, then they are straightened and can measure up to 70 cm high. The stems are hairless. The leaves have a flat and narrow leaf blade whose edge is finely corrugated and hangs a little. The ligule is membranous. The inflorescence is composed of 2 to 11 slender spikes, 6 to 11 cm long, which rise obliquely from the end of the stem.
First leaves
The first leaves are alternate with rolled prefoliation. Lamina is oval and pubescent, 2.5 to 3.5 mm long and 1.0 to 1.5 mm wide. Ligule membranous.
General habit
Grass prostrate or in tuft, 30 to70 cm high, stems erect to decumbent.
Underground system
The roots are fibrous. Presence of adventitious roots from the lower nodes of the plant.
Culm
The culm of the grass is compressed, glabrous and geniculate, more or less branched, slightly hairy nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate, often pigmented in purple, with slightly compressed sheath, glabrous or hispid, with a keel. Membranous ligule, 0.5 to 2 mm high. Blade is linear to lanceolate, 4 to 20 cm long and 3 to 10 mm wide. Scabrous margin, slightly undulating in the lower one third. Surface is glabrous, sometimes pubescent at the base.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is digitate in 2 to 11 filiform racemes, 6 to 15 cm long. They are arranged in 1 to 3 whorls. Rachis glabrous, winged and in triangular section.
Spikelet
The spikelets are grouped in pairs. The first, is sterile, shortly pedicellate (0.5 mm), the second, even more fertile 2 mm). They are elliptical to lanceolate, 2.6 to 4 mm long and 0.7 to 0.8 mm wide, the acute tip, covered with silky hair. Lower glume reduced, upper glume representing 1/2 to 4/5 of the length of the spikelet. Lemma ciliated with 7 ribs, Palea missing for sterile spikelet. Lemma and palea of the same texture, ciliated with 2 veins, 3 mm long for the fertile spikelet.
Grain
The seed is oblong, 2.5 to 3.3 mm long, included in the lemma and palea of external flower.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
Reproduction
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Digitaria ciliaris is an annual grass. It multiplies mainly by seeds but also by stem cuttings that root at the nodes.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
Morphology
Growth form
Tuft plant with narrow leaves
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Grass or grass-like
Grass-like leaf type
Grass leaf
Type of prefoliation
Rolled leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Flat section
Root type
Fibrous roots
Ligule type
Ligule membranous large
Hollow or solid stem
Hollow stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with graminate sheathing and hair
Fruit type
Grain of grasses
Lamina base
sheathing grass-like broader
Lamina margin
scabrous
Lamina apex
attenuate
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Lowerface pilosity
Less hairy
Glabrous
Lowerface hair type
Long
Simple leaf type
Lamina linear
Lamina section
curved
Lamina Veination
Parallel
Flower color
Green
Inflorescence type
Digitate racemes
Racemes in whorls
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Less hairy
Stem hair type
Pubescent
Life form
Grass
Look Alikes
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Digitaria species are often difficult to differentiate. D. ciliaris can be confused with D. horizontalis Willd. In the latter, the axis of inflorescence measure 2 to 8 cm long. The racemes are disposed on several whorls then arranged in tiers. The spikelets measure 1.8 to 2.4 mm long with long stiff hairs scattered along the rachis of the racemes. It differs from D. radicosa by a larger upper glume (1/2 to 4/5 of the length of the spikelet).
| Tuft forming growth habit. rhizomes, rhizomes | D. humbertii | ||
| Creeping growth habit | D. radicosa | ||
| Spread erect growth habit | Sheath with long hairs | D. horizontalis | |
| Glabrous sheath | Spikelets grouped by 2, 3 mm, Triangular rachis | D. ciliaris | |
| Spikelets grouped by 3, 1,5 mm, Rachis flat | D. longiflora | ||
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Distinctive characters between Digitaria horizontalis, D. ciliaris and D. bicornis in Madagascar
In addition to the size of the ligule, which is considerably more developed for Digitaria bicornis, the first two species, D. horizontalis and D. ciliaris, are relatively early species in the season, with a short cycle, they have a relatively small size (up to 60 or 80 cm), with subdigitated inflorescences of very variable number of digitized racems, 4 to 15 cm long, while D. bicornis is more robust, up to 1 m tall, growing later in the season, with a longer cycle. Leaves are somewhat glaucous green, with a glabrous sheath or with stiff, stiff hairs on a tuberculous base, with a leaf blade up to 15 cm long, also bearing tuberculous hairs (J. Bosser, 1969); The inflorescence is digitized, consisting of 3 to 9 obliquely upright linear racems up to 20 cm long, rigid axis of silvered appearance, somewhat shiny, the twin spikelets (like those of the other two species) about 4 mm long are different: the pedicelated spikelet is very hairy (bristling with hair) while the sessile spikelet appears glabrous (J. Bosser, 1969).
In Madagascar, D. horizontalis grows throughout the agro-ecological zones, D. ciliaris grows in the more humid areas, especially on the Uplands and the Eastern Coast, while D. bicornis is a weed of drier stations ( J. Bosser, 1969) in the South, South-West, Middle-West and North-West. In the Middle West (rainfall 1300 to 1500 mm) the 3 species can coexist in the same field.
In addition to the size of the ligule, which is considerably more developed for Digitaria bicornis, the first two species, D. horizontalis and D. ciliaris, are relatively early species in the season, with a short cycle, they have a relatively small size (up to 60 or 80 cm), with subdigitated inflorescences of very variable number of digitized racems, 4 to 15 cm long, while D. bicornis is more robust, up to 1 m tall, growing later in the season, with a longer cycle. Leaves are somewhat glaucous green, with a glabrous sheath or with stiff, stiff hairs on a tuberculous base, with a leaf blade up to 15 cm long, also bearing tuberculous hairs (J. Bosser, 1969); The inflorescence is digitized, consisting of 3 to 9 obliquely upright linear racems up to 20 cm long, rigid axis of silvered appearance, somewhat shiny, the twin spikelets (like those of the other two species) about 4 mm long are different: the pedicelated spikelet is very hairy (bristling with hair) while the sessile spikelet appears glabrous (J. Bosser, 1969).
In Madagascar, D. horizontalis grows throughout the agro-ecological zones, D. ciliaris grows in the more humid areas, especially on the Uplands and the Eastern Coast, while D. bicornis is a weed of drier stations ( J. Bosser, 1969) in the South, South-West, Middle-West and North-West. In the Middle West (rainfall 1300 to 1500 mm) the 3 species can coexist in the same field.
Randriamampianina Jean Augustin
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
Digitaria ciliaris is an aggressive and opportunistic colonizer of bare, disturbed or newly cleared areas in crops, roadsides or waste places because of its prolific seed production, vigorous growth and rapid development of rooted stolons. It grows best in sandy or loamy soils, being very responsive to high soil fertility, from the lowlands up to 2000 m.
Comoros: Digitaria ciliaris is a common species along the roads, in fallow and crops.
French Guiana: Typical species of herbaceous vegetation in orchards with permanent plant cover.
Madagascar: Weed and ruderal species very common in all regions of Madagascar. It occurs up to 2000 m altitude. It infests virtually all rainfed, recent fallow and roadsides.
Mauritius: rare species.
Reunion: This species is common in abandoned places (vacant land, wasteland) and cultivated plots, in many environments. It prefers sandy soils and is found up to 2000 m altitude.
Seychelles: absent.
Comoros: Digitaria ciliaris is a common species along the roads, in fallow and crops.
French Guiana: Typical species of herbaceous vegetation in orchards with permanent plant cover.
Madagascar: Weed and ruderal species very common in all regions of Madagascar. It occurs up to 2000 m altitude. It infests virtually all rainfed, recent fallow and roadsides.
Mauritius: rare species.
Reunion: This species is common in abandoned places (vacant land, wasteland) and cultivated plots, in many environments. It prefers sandy soils and is found up to 2000 m altitude.
Seychelles: absent.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
Reunion Island
Comoros
Mauritius
Origin
Digitria ciliaris is native to Africa and Asia.
Worldwide distribution
This species is now widespread in all tropical and semi-temperate regions.
Digitria ciliaris is native to Africa and Asia.
Worldwide distribution
This species is now widespread in all tropical and semi-temperate regions.
dummy
| Attributions | dummy |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Digitaria ciliaris is a common weed of rainfed crops.
French Guiana: D. ciliaris is a species frequently encountered in fruit and vegetable growing. It is frequent and abundant.
Madagascar: frequent and abundant weed and fast growing. It is very harmful for all annual crops (rice, maize, cassava, cotton, peanuts ...).
Mauritius: weed little present in crops.
Reunion: D. ciliaris infests all types of crops (sugarcane, vegetables ...) but only rarely exceeds a recovery of 15%.
Seychelles: absent.
Global harmfulness
Digitaria ciliaris is very competitive in rice fields and may reduce rice grain yield by around 60%.
Comoros: Digitaria ciliaris is a common weed of rainfed crops.
French Guiana: D. ciliaris is a species frequently encountered in fruit and vegetable growing. It is frequent and abundant.
Madagascar: frequent and abundant weed and fast growing. It is very harmful for all annual crops (rice, maize, cassava, cotton, peanuts ...).
Mauritius: weed little present in crops.
Reunion: D. ciliaris infests all types of crops (sugarcane, vegetables ...) but only rarely exceeds a recovery of 15%.
Seychelles: absent.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Management
Global control
Chemical: Pre-emergence application of butachlor at 1.5 kg a.I/ha, Anilophos at 400 g/ha, Pretilachlor at 1.0 kg/ha, Pendimethalin at 1.5 kg/ha.
dummy
| Attributions | dummy |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_SA |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventoi/especes/d/digad/digad_fr.html
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Galinato M., Moody K., Piggin C. M. 1999. Upland rice weeds of South and Southeast Asia. IRRI. Philippines.
- Hafliger E., Scholz H. 1980. Grass Weeds 2. Documenta Ciba-Geigy. Switzerland.
- Bosser, J. (1969). Graminées des paturages et des cultures à Madagascar. Paris, France, ORSTOM.
Information Listing > References
- http://idao.cirad.fr/SpecieSheet?sheet=adventoi/especes/d/digad/digad_fr.html
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cédérom. Montpellier, France, Cirad ed.
- Marnotte, P. and A. Carrara. (2007). "Plantes des rizières de Guyane." from http://plantes-rizieres-guyane.cirad.fr/.
- Berton, A. (2020). Flore spontanée des cultures maraichères et fruitières de Guyane. Guide de reconnaissance des 140 adventices les plus communes des parcelles cultivées. Cayenne, Guyane, FREDON Guyane: 186.https://portal.wiktrop.org/document/show/173
- Galinato M., Moody K., Piggin C. M. 1999. Upland rice weeds of South and Southeast Asia. IRRI. Philippines.
- Hafliger E., Scholz H. 1980. Grass Weeds 2. Documenta Ciba-Geigy. Switzerland.
- Bosser, J. (1969). Graminées des paturages et des cultures à Madagascar. Paris, France, ORSTOM.
Plantes envahissantes et dégradation des pâturages et des espaces pastoraux en Nouvelle-Calédonie
TL
Thomas Le BourgeoisImages
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Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Digitaria%2520ciliaris
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Poaceae |
| Genus | Digitaria |
| Species | Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
